LDEO / IFM-GEOMAR annual, seasonal & regional SAM-index from Martin Visbeck (mvisbeck@ifm-geomar.de) Antarctic stations are used from 1945 onwards Data from Phil Jones received 2006, created Feb 2007 Year, Ann, JFM, AMJ, JAS, OND, S.Africa, S.America, Austr. NZ, Antarctica*-1, 1860, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.04, NaN, NaN, 1861, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.16, NaN, NaN, 1862, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.06, NaN, NaN, 1863, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.29, NaN, NaN, 1864, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.62, 0.04, NaN, 1865, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.24, -0.75, NaN, 1866, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.12, 0.25, NaN, 1867, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.27, -0.31, NaN, 1868, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.07, -0.16, NaN, 1869, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.07, -0.06, NaN, 1870, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.13, -0.17, NaN, 1871, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.21, -0.41, NaN, 1872, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.65, 0.03, NaN, 1873, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.10, -0.03, NaN, 1874, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.67, -0.15, NaN, 1875, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.19, -0.30, NaN, 1876, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.19, -0.21, NaN, 1877, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.20, 0.00, NaN, 1878, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.21, -0.51, NaN, 1879, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.11, 0.03, NaN, 1880, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.33, 0.06, NaN, 1881, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.37, 0.20, NaN, 1882, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.35, -0.32, NaN, 1883, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.10, -0.02, NaN, 1884, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.11, -0.08, NaN, 1885, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, -0.13, 0.50, NaN, 1886, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 0.18, 0.07, NaN, 1887, 0.27, 0.51, 0.57,-0.39, 0.39, 0.68, -0.17, -0.06, NaN, 1888,-0.44, 0.20,-1.19,-0.20,-0.56, -0.22, -0.32, -0.19, NaN, 1889, 0.44, 0.67, 0.27, 0.80, 0.01, 0.24, 0.07, 0.41, NaN, 1890, 0.24,-0.10, 1.02, 0.15,-0.11, -0.06, 0.17, 0.29, NaN, 1891, 0.33,-0.23, 0.02, 0.88, 0.65, 0.13, -0.07, 0.49, NaN, 1892,-0.11,-0.73, 0.95, 0.15,-0.81, -0.99, 0.37, 0.44, NaN, 1893, 0.23, 0.01, 0.17, 0.26, 0.49, -0.27, 0.53, 0.13, NaN, 1894, 0.31, 0.29, 0.86,-0.56, 0.65, 0.09, 0.29, 0.14, NaN, 1895,-0.37, 0.10, 0.36,-1.46,-0.49, -0.19, -0.23, -0.20, NaN, 1896, 0.13, 0.00, 0.73,-0.89, 0.67, 0.21, -0.05, 0.05, NaN, 1897,-0.01,-0.22, 0.47, 0.43,-0.72, -0.10, 0.29, -0.21, NaN, 1898,-0.42,-1.14,-0.01, 0.34,-0.88, -0.11, -0.29, -0.30, NaN, 1899,-0.13,-0.70, 0.95,-0.50,-0.28, 0.46, -0.86, 0.18, NaN, 1900,-0.47,-0.35, 0.82,-1.29,-1.07, -0.13, -0.63, -0.02, NaN, 1901, 0.05, 0.02, 0.09, 0.19,-0.09, 0.32, -0.24, 0.01, NaN, 1902,-0.62,-0.59,-1.41,-0.79, 0.31, -0.39, -0.69, 0.05, NaN, 1903, 0.04,-0.20,-0.61, 0.65, 0.30, -0.03, -0.18, 0.27, NaN, 1904,-0.34,-0.27,-0.39,-0.34,-0.38, 0.03, -0.37, -0.23, NaN, 1905,-0.27, 0.68,-1.00,-0.80, 0.05, 0.07, -0.29, -0.22, NaN, 1906, 0.08, 0.25,-0.60, 0.33, 0.35, 0.16, 0.04, -0.06, NaN, 1907, 0.33, 0.04, 0.46, 0.56, 0.28, 0.28, 0.14, 0.13, NaN, 1908, 0.55, 0.59, 0.77, 0.97,-0.15, 0.11, 0.56, 0.23, NaN, 1909,-0.02, 0.01, 0.45,-0.01,-0.54, -0.19, 0.17, -0.02, NaN, 1910, 0.27, 0.18, 0.19,-0.29, 1.00, 0.29, 0.08, 0.08, NaN, 1911, 0.41, 0.69, 1.08, 0.97,-1.08, 0.52, 0.21, -0.04, NaN, 1912, 0.38, 0.45, 0.44, 0.35, 0.27, 0.64, 0.15, -0.16, NaN, 1913,-0.48,-0.24,-0.42,-1.08,-0.20, -0.34, -0.17, -0.30, NaN, 1914,-0.14, 0.44,-0.84,-0.46, 0.29, 0.15, -0.70, 0.31, NaN, 1915,-0.41, 0.06,-1.02,-0.43,-0.27, -0.11, -0.41, -0.17, NaN, 1916,-0.24,-0.12,-0.36,-0.13,-0.33, -0.61, -0.09, 0.30, NaN, 1917,-0.00,-0.04,-0.34, 0.05, 0.33, -0.39, 0.63, -0.25, NaN, 1918,-0.21, 0.22,-0.69, 0.28,-0.66, 0.21, -0.29, -0.28, NaN, 1919, 0.16, 0.35, 0.14,-0.06, 0.23, 0.46, -0.30, 0.12, NaN, 1920,-0.06,-0.17,-0.18, 0.47,-0.37, -0.09, -0.05, 0.04, NaN, 1921, 0.60, 0.23, 0.32, 1.02, 0.75, 0.11, 0.60, 0.29, NaN, 1922, 0.25,-0.07, 0.99, 0.12,-0.06, -0.11, 0.50, 0.02, NaN, 1923,-0.76,-1.22,-1.22,-0.54,-0.04, -0.80, -0.03, -0.43, NaN, 1924, 0.74, 0.33, 0.26, 1.97, 0.41, 0.38, 0.87, -0.01, NaN, 1925,-0.17,-0.41, 0.06,-0.40, 0.08, -0.15, 0.03, -0.16, NaN, 1926,-0.07,-0.41, 0.71, 0.24,-0.80, 0.27, -0.11, -0.28, NaN, 1927, 0.38, 0.18, 0.85,-0.15, 0.65, 0.57, 0.13, -0.06, NaN, 1928, 0.48, 1.30, 0.46, 0.70,-0.56, 0.46, 0.40, -0.06, NaN, 1929,-0.39,-0.33,-0.12, 0.16,-1.28, 0.12, -0.41, -0.37, NaN, 1930, 0.46, 0.83, 1.31,-0.31,-0.00, 0.57, 0.09, 0.10, NaN, 1931, 0.68, 0.57, 1.90,-0.25, 0.50, 0.43, 0.67, 0.04, NaN, 1932, 0.15,-0.28,-0.00, 0.49, 0.40, 0.19, -0.27, 0.33, NaN, 1933, 0.17,-0.92, 0.02, 1.29, 0.29, 0.03, 0.11, 0.15, NaN, 1934, 0.73, 0.30, 0.71, 0.64, 1.27, 0.23, 0.30, 0.68, NaN, 1935, 0.31, 0.44,-0.42, 0.38, 0.82, 0.80, -0.26, -0.03, NaN, 1936, 0.36,-0.06, 0.95, 0.30, 0.25, 0.74, -0.12, -0.02, NaN, 1937, 0.24,-1.07,-0.31, 1.05, 1.29, 0.10, 0.13, 0.17, NaN, 1938, 0.23, 0.27, 0.20, 0.45, 0.00, 0.03, 0.11, 0.24, NaN, 1939, 0.19,-0.11, 0.67,-0.61, 0.80, 0.45, 0.15, -0.29, NaN, 1940, 0.10,-0.69,-0.57, 1.12, 0.55, 0.29, -0.08, -0.04, NaN, 1941,-0.13, 1.21,-0.78, 0.07,-1.01, -0.12, 0.02, -0.11, NaN, 1942, 0.66,-0.11, 1.29, 0.74, 0.73, 0.38, 0.60, 0.12, NaN, 1943, 0.38,-0.30, 0.59, 0.69, 0.54, 0.31, 0.58, -0.26, NaN, 1944,-0.36, 0.23,-0.26, 0.09,-1.50, -0.23, -0.01, -0.36, NaN, 1945,-0.43, 0.28,-0.84,-0.97,-0.17, 0.21, -0.13, -0.18, -0.59, 1946,-0.36,-0.04, 0.31,-1.18,-0.53, 0.08, -0.17, -0.60, -0.21, 1947, 0.38,-0.40, 0.80, 0.46, 0.65, 0.16, 0.40, 0.23, 0.16, 1948,-0.17, 0.14, 0.40,-1.23, 0.03, -0.04, -0.12, -0.15, -0.08, 1949, 0.07,-0.28,-0.23, 1.03,-0.23, 0.03, 0.03, 0.02, 0.05, 1950,-0.12,-0.82,-0.37, 0.69, 0.04, 0.26, -0.46, 0.65, -0.28, 1951,-0.34, 0.29, 0.08, 0.29,-2.04, -0.30, -0.03, -0.31, -0.17, 1952, 0.18, 0.24,-0.64, 0.49, 0.63, 0.06, 0.15, -0.22, 0.20, 1953, 0.10, 0.46, 0.24,-0.57, 0.26, 0.20, -0.19, -0.11, 0.14, 1954, 0.06, 0.63, 0.36,-0.07,-0.68, -0.19, -0.10, 0.43, 0.02, 1955, 0.08, 0.40, 0.36,-0.28,-0.15, -0.30, -0.10, 0.26, 0.14, 1956,-0.62,-0.66,-0.82,-0.93,-0.07, -0.38, 0.19, -0.38, -0.50, 1957,-0.62,-0.22,-0.53,-0.41,-1.34, -0.57, 0.07, -0.34, -0.41, 1958,-0.04,-0.41,-0.43, 0.20, 0.50, -0.00, 0.06, 0.03, -0.07, 1959, 0.12, 0.61,-0.73, 0.00, 0.60, -0.18, 0.04, 0.46, 0.03, 1960, 0.68, 0.84, 0.41, 0.72, 0.72, 0.21, 0.28, 0.19, 0.53, 1961, 0.21,-0.27, 0.13,-0.23, 1.23, 0.16, -0.29, 0.51, 0.11, 1962, 0.19, 0.31, 0.02, 0.32, 0.12, -0.50, 0.65, 0.12, 0.12, 1963, 0.22, 1.47, 0.34,-1.47, 0.55, -0.04, -0.05, 0.33, 0.17, 1964,-0.38,-0.47, 0.32,-1.03,-0.34, -0.05, 0.28, -0.55, -0.32, 1965,-0.33,-1.31, 0.08,-0.41, 0.31, -0.06, -0.45, 0.02, -0.21, 1966,-0.13,-0.45,-0.24, 0.39,-0.21, -0.33, -0.19, 0.37, -0.09, 1967,-0.20,-0.85,-0.03, 0.23,-0.15, -0.04, -0.37, 0.42, -0.23, 1968,-0.26,-0.27,-0.43, 0.57,-0.89, -0.35, 0.26, -0.74, -0.01, 1969,-0.33,-1.06,-0.77, 0.23, 0.27, -0.28, -0.64, 0.39, -0.19, 1970,-0.26, 0.17,-0.01,-0.63,-0.56, -0.34, -0.33, 0.19, -0.13, 1971,-0.40,-0.00,-0.34,-0.72,-0.55, -0.24, -0.36, -0.02, -0.24, 1972,-0.79,-0.76,-0.94,-1.38,-0.08, -0.27, -0.73, -0.25, -0.46, 1973, 0.34, 0.46, 0.08, 0.59, 0.22, 0.14, -0.03, 0.32, 0.23, 1974,-0.46, 0.29,-0.51,-0.54,-1.08, -0.46, -0.09, -0.02, -0.32, 1975,-0.31,-0.20,-0.61,-0.57, 0.12, -0.15, -0.44, -0.19, -0.09, 1976,-0.23,-0.28, 0.75, 0.67,-2.07, -0.20, -0.23, -0.24, -0.04, 1977,-0.48,-0.55,-0.68,-0.59,-0.11, -0.51, -0.59, -0.30, -0.07, 1978,-0.05, 0.31,-0.11,-0.31,-0.08, 0.03, -0.17, 0.16, -0.06, 1979, 0.29, 0.16, 1.03, 0.40,-0.42, 0.23, 0.10, 0.05, 0.20, 1980,-0.57,-0.71,-0.15,-1.05,-0.36, 0.13, -0.47, -0.43, -0.37, 1981,-0.08,-0.05,-0.29,-0.79, 0.79, 0.24, 0.01, -0.16, -0.12, 1982, 0.01, 0.45, 0.45, 0.32,-1.17, 0.06, -0.35, 0.10, 0.08, 1983, 0.05,-0.33,-0.81, 0.19, 1.12, 0.02, -0.15, 0.05, 0.08, 1984,-0.37,-0.42, 0.08,-0.53,-0.61, -0.30, -0.25, 0.08, -0.25, 1985, 0.31,-0.45,-0.30, 1.19, 0.80, -0.20, -0.09, 0.51, 0.27, 1986, 0.22,-0.34,-0.54, 1.03, 0.74, -0.04, -0.09, -0.22, 0.37, 1987, 0.02,-0.31,-0.03,-0.37, 0.81, -0.24, -0.12, 0.06, 0.12, 1988,-0.17,-0.13,-0.25,-0.11,-0.20, -0.18, 0.56, 0.09, -0.35, 1989, 0.35, 0.06, 1.49,-0.36, 0.19, -0.13, 0.16, 0.29, 0.28, 1990, 0.14, 0.35,-1.13, 0.61, 0.71, 0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.10, 1991,-0.09, 0.33, 0.07,-0.38,-0.38, 0.29, 0.10, -0.65, -0.01, 1992,-0.33,-0.18,-1.60, 0.38, 0.08, 0.05, -0.11, -0.27, -0.26, 1993, 0.70,-0.10, 0.54, 1.46, 0.89, 0.36, 0.05, 0.26, 0.55, 1994, 0.03, 0.89,-0.96, 0.26,-0.07, 0.42, -0.13, -0.19, -0.00, 1995, 0.22, 0.61, 0.40,-0.54, 0.41, 0.21, -0.02, -0.00, 0.19, 1996,-0.00, 0.10, 0.59,-0.69,-0.02, -0.15, 0.28, -0.27, 0.04, 1997,-0.07, 0.51,-0.23, 0.56,-1.12, 0.18, -0.38, 0.34, -0.12, 1998, 1.04, 0.91, 0.97, 1.25, 1.02, 0.15, 0.67, 0.53, 0.70, 1999, 0.78, 0.32, 0.75, 0.31, 1.76, -0.12, 0.72, 0.79, 0.41, 2000,-0.24, 0.45, 0.36,-1.05,-0.71, -0.04, 0.01, 0.20, -0.32, 2001, 0.49,-0.10, 0.39, 0.37, 1.31, -0.34, 0.21, 0.29, 0.42, 2002,-0.29, 0.38,-0.18,-0.90,-0.48, 0.14, -0.01, -0.39, -0.18, 2003, 0.12,-0.40, 0.33, 0.74,-0.20, 0.07, 0.19, 0.19, -0.06, 2004, 0.47, 0.29, 1.17, 0.91,-0.48, 0.26, 0.58, -0.34, 0.36, 2005, 0.34, 0.70, 0.29, 0.03, NaN, -0.03, 0.43, 0.40, 0.07,